Page 73 - Annual Report_21-22

alumino-silicate, metal, and aged particles dominated in the area. First-time measurements of endotoxin
in the targeted locations). Particulate matter samples concentrations in PM (0.012 – 0.035 EU/m ) over this
3
2.5
collected from the traffic area were enriched with soot or part of eastern India provide evidence of biological
carbonaceous particles mostly considered as a footprint activity in the region which would need further analysis
for fossil fuel combustion. The presence of clusters/ for robust conclusions. Firsthand evidence indicates that
agglomerates in the collected samples supports evidence of traffic emissions can enhance endotoxin concentrations
long-range pollutant transport affecting the city. The excess in the ambient atmosphere. The study also warrants the
carcinogenic risk was observed to be higher in residential requirement of integrated and long-term measurements
sites pertaining to the higher concentrations of chromium to elucidate the seasonal characteristics, dose-dependent
that might have originated from the construction activities relations, and inflammation-related activities.

Individual factor contributions during to PM2.5 Endotoxins determined in PM2.5 samples
over Bhubaneswar

Coastal research and environmental impact assessment study study on carbon dynamics in
estuaries and near shore waters of Dhamra and Mahanadi

This study was conducted to examine the recent changes hint that coastal upwelling systems in the Pacific and
in the inorganic carbonate system in the coastal Bay Indian Oceans are sources of CO to the atmosphere,
2
of Bengal, mainly in two significant estuaries, namely, whereas the Atlantic Ocean acts as a sink. Having a
the Dhamra estuary and the Mahanadi estuary, and the dynamic environment with complex coastal features,
impact of anthropogenic activities, and the results were biogeochemical properties, and high human population
evaluated. The tidal, seasonal, and inter-annual variations density, and rapid economic growth in the countries
of sea surface temperature, Salinity, TA, DIC, fCO (water), surrounding the Bay of Bengal (India, Bangladesh, Burma,
2
fCO (air), and sea-to-air CO flux have been studied. A etc.) make its coastal environment vulnerable to a range
2
2
significant spatial and temporal variation in carbon species of anthropogenic stress factors. Numerous studies have
has been observed in two estuarine systems. The variation been done on the estuaries draining in the Bay of Bengal
of fCO in the air was found to be in a narrow range. The to characterize their carbon biogeochemistry. Though
2
variation in flux density was mainly due to the variation in the Mahanadi and the Dhamra estuary are significant
parts of the Bay of Bengal along the Odisha coast, which
fCO (water). The highest variation in Δ fCO was associated play a significant role in carbon dynamics, they have not
2
2
with the high value of CO flux. It has been ascertained yet received much attention. The extensive recurrent
2
from the study, that both study sites act as sink depending freshwater abundant with organic matter flows into both
upon various factors. In October and March, Mahanadi the estuaries hence should act as a significant repository
acts as a minor sink but at estuary point ir act as a minor of blue carbon. The Mahanadi estuary contains many
source in October where pH is lower. In December, it was wetlands, which are substantial storehouses of carbon-
the moderate sink. Almost all study sites of the Dhamra rich organic sediment, and its interaction with adjoin water
transect act as minor sink except a few study point near column makes the estuary liable for air-sea CO exchange.
2
the river, which acts as a minor source both in March but The nearshore water acts as a moderate sink for CO in
in January all stations are significant sink. These variations post-monsoon and winter, whereas the estuary acts as a
2
would have significant impacts on ecosystem structure minor source during post-monsoon.
and function, which necessitates more careful evaluation
in future studies. The average fCO of water was measured to be 359.64 ±
2
A recent annual assessment of spatio-temporal variations 65.13 µatm and 135.56 ± 14.98 µatm in post-monsoon
in air-water CO exchange across the global coastal ocean and winter, respectively. The fCO was found higher in
2
2
ANNUAL REPORT 2021-22 71